International Trade and Finance Speech Essay

This speech delivered by the Speaker of the House to a group of reporters surrounding the topics of international trade, foreign exchange rates, import surplus and how they each impact different constituencies. It will also explain why the government would not be able to restrict importation of goods from China, or if wanted to impose tariffs. The Economy and international Trade The United States was once the highest exporter in all the world. Today, the United States has a negative balance of trade, because of the fact that we now import more goods than we export goods. An example of an import would be oil. The oil that we have imported impacts our businesses and our consumers by making gasoline and other oil derivatives more expensive. This makes prices increase because consumers will have to pay for goods from the fact that the cost of driving will go up. This is a major reason why the government is trying to encourage the development of alternate forms of energy such as coal or natural gas. The goods that the United States imports are not always negative. American consumers have benefited greatly from the imports such as electronics or apparel that is made mostly in Asia. The cost of production for these goods are lower in China and most other Asian countries, making it much cheaper for Americans to buy these types of goods that are being manufactured overseas. The reality of international trade is that production will naturally shift to places where goods can be manufactured more efficiently and at a lower price. What the United States has to focus on is developing new technologies and products of higher quality. With a focus based on innovation and quality instead of labor costs. International trade has an impact on the country’s GDP, the financial markets, and importantly university students. The GDP of the United States becomes stronger when we export goods more than we import goods. If negative trade balances become consistent it can lead to deficits, which will in turn cause the government to borrow more. If the government borrows more this will have an impact on the financial markets which could in time make it more costly for the United States to cover all its deficits. We need to promote our exports in order to help the GDP and make our country more impressive to investors. A healthier economy will create enough employment for those needed, especially university graduates that will be trained for the field. The quotas and tariffs regarding the government’s choices has a direct impact on our trade and the relations that we have with other countries. Reducing tariffs and participating in free trade agreements helps our export businesses. This is a reason why our government has in the past worked for establishing trade agreements with countries as South Korea, Panama, and Colombia. When a free trade agreement takes place the trading partners will erase their quotas or tariffs against products from America, this makes it easier for us to send our products to those countries. Trade is a two way engagement, where both are finding a way to benefit, with consumers benefiting as well and our exports getting higher. Foreign exchange rates are the rates of one type of currency converted to another. Such as the rate for exchange between American dollars and Japan’s Yen which is 76 Yen per dollar. Some currencies are fixed with others. The rates of floating currency is determined by the supply and demand. An example is if the European demand for the dollar increases, the supply and demand relationship between them will cause the price to increase of the dollar in relation to the euro. There are many factors that affect exchange rates that include interest rates, unemployment, political instability, inflation, and GDP. When our GDP becomes higher and our exports become level with our imports, the stronger our currency will be and we will have a better overall financial health. There are some people that believe in protectionist policies that include restricting goods that are coming in from China and several other countries, including imposing tariffs that would increase costs for purchasing of goods in the United States. This kind of policy would be populist and fueled with the good intentions of trying to protect our American jobs, its actual consequences would be an elevating trade war with an opposite effect. History proves that when governments have attempted to restrict trade and enforced protectionist measures, other countries will attempt to retaliate and adopt similar policies. An example is the Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act of 1930, which broke records by increasing tariffs on 25,000 goods which had an end effect of reducing imports and exports by 50% as trade partners began with similar style tariffs. This will translate into more unemployment as companies that will export their goods will see a drastic demand drop. Restricting imports from China woul d bring drastic measures from the Chinese government, and our companies would struggle as they would be unable to export goods to that part of the world. References Colander, D. C. (2010). Macroeconomics (8th Ed.). Boston, MA: McGraw-Hill/Irwin International Trade, ISSN 0020-7810, 2011, Volume 45, Issue 1, p. 79 The Journal of Economics, ISSN 0895-3309, 2007, Volume 21, Issue 3, p. 105 Foreign Policy, ISSN 0015-7228, 11/2003, Issue 139, p. 20 The American Foreign Trade, ISSN 0002-8282, 12/1928, Volume 18, Issue 4, pp. 706 – 713

Zoonotic Diseases

Introduction Zoonotic diseases are infectious diseases which can be transmitted from animals to man. Due to frequent contact and domestication of wildlife animals, zoonotic diseases are increasingly becoming more prevalent. Public parks and gardens are home to abundant populations of birds. One of the most frequent species known to thrive in such areas are feral pigeon (Columba livia). Although there are few reports of disease transmission between pigeons and humans, their close interaction with humans and ability to carry zoonotic pathogens make them a public health risk.In fact, these birds are present at very high densities (2,000 individuals per km2) and can cover a maximum distance of 5. 29 km (Dickx et al. , 2010). This may result in the increase risk of pathogen transmission among other birds and potentially to humans. Studies have shown that most infected pigeons do not show signs of clinical disease. These birds may therefore pose a public health risk to the human population . Pigeons, like many other bird species, can harbor diseases that can be zoonotic in nature. One of the pathogens most frequently carried by pigeons is Chlamydophila psittaci. C. sittaci is an obligate intracellular bacterium that causes a disease in birds known as Psittacosis or Avian Chlamydiosis. Psittacosis is highly contagious and often causes influenza-like symptoms, severe pneumonia and non-respiratory health problems. Birds can shed this bacterium in the environment when they are either overtly ill or without any symptoms. C. psittaci occurs most frequently in psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, parakeets. However, non-psittacine birds including pigeons, doves and mynah birds can also harbour the infectious agent (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005).Therefore, pigeons are thought to be an underestimated source of human chlamydiosis. Studies have shown that pigeons pose a substantial zoonotic risk as are often shown to be naturally infected with a number of viruses, bacteria, fungi and protozoa that are pathogenic to humans. The potential for zoonotic infection is increased as these birds live in close contact with human beings. The aim of this overview is to present the zoonotic potential of C. psittaci in infected feral pigeon populations, in the context of its history, epidemiology and current approaches in treatment and prevention.Pigeon population in urban areas Commonly known as ‘urban’, ‘street’ or ‘city’ pigeons, the feral rock dove (C. livia) is an abundant bird species that often thrive in streets, squares and parks where they come into close contact with humans. Pigeon populations in most large cities increased worldwide after World War II. They have made contributions of considerable importance to humanity, especially in times of war. Feral pigeons have been domesticated and were put to use by making them messengers due to their homing abilities (Dickx et al. , 2010).Pigeons are one of the few animal species able to survive in our noisy and hectic cities. They are extremely adaptable, which also enables them to accept breeding places that are unnatural to them, e. g. on trees or over running ventilation systems (Magnino et al, 2009). They are also a valuable enrichment to the urban environment as they have a cleaning up function by eating discarded food. In addition, they may represent as a tourist attraction as feeding and care of feral pigeons may be rewarding spare-time activities for many people who enjoy the company of animals (Magnino et al, 2009).The extensive food supply and minimal predator population has indeed provided the ecological basis for the large populations that occur in most cities of the world. Chlamydophila psittaci in pigeons The increase of feral pigeon populations in many cities is a major cause of concern as they are a source of a large number of zoonotic agents. The most important pathogenic organism transmissible from feral pigeons to humans is Chlamydophila psittaci. In fact, studies in Europe have shown as high as 95. 6% seropositivity values for C. psittaci in feral pigeon populations (Magnino et al. 2009). C. psittaci an obligate intracellular bacterium causes avian chlamydiosis in birds and psittacosis in humans.The bacterium is commonly recognised in psittacine birds such as parrots, macaws, cockatoos and parakeets. It is also indentified in non-psittacine birds such as pigeons, doves and mynah birds (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005). There are at least six distinct serovars (A to F) of C. psittaci considered endemic in birds (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). Each serovar appears to be associated, though not exclusively, with a different group or order of irds, from which it is most commonly isolated. Genotype B is the most prevalent in pigeons, but the more virulent genotypes A and D have also been discovered (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). All serovars should be considered to be readily transmissible to humans. The av ian strains can infect humans and other mammals, and may cause severe disease and even death. In contrast to the devastating explosive outbreaks in the first half of the 20th century, the present outbreaks are characterized by respiratory signs and low mortality (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009).Chlamydophila psittaci has been demonstrated in about 465 bird species comprising 30 different bird orders (Greco, Corrente, & Martella, 2005). The highest infection rates are found in psittacine birds and pigeons. The first case of C. psittaci zoonotic transmission from pigeons was described in 1941. A mother and her daughter had picked up a sick feral pigeon in the street in New York City. The pigeon died after four days and, two weeks later, both mother and daughter developed psittacosis with fever and pneumonia (Dickx et al. , 2010).Since then, 47 zoonotic cases linked to pigeons have been reported (Dickx et al. , 2010). As a consequence, feral pigeon populations have been r epeatedly blamed as vectors for the transmission of C. psittaci infections to humans. Caution is needed, as zoonotic transmission from feral pigeons is known to be an underestimated source of infection. Psittacosis in birds Transmission of C. psittaci primarily occurs from one infected bird to another susceptible bird in close proximity. The agent is usually excreted in faeces and nasal discharges.From time to time, faecal shedding occurs and can be activated through stress caused by nutritional deficiencies, prolonged transport, overcrowding, chilling, breeding, egg laying, treatment or handling (Vanrompay et al. , 2007). Bacterial excretion periods during natural infection can vary depending on virulence of the strain, infection dose and host immune status. The most common routes of transmission of C. psittaci in nature are the inhalation and ingestion of contaminated material and, sometimes, ingestion (Vanrompay et al. , 2007). The bacterium can be also transmitted in the nest.In many species, such as columbiformes, transmission from parent to young may occur through feeding, by regurgitation, while the contamination of the nesting site with infective faeces are also important sources of infection (Vazquez et al. , 2010). Also the transmission of C. psittaci may also be facilitated by arthropod vectors in the nest environment, but its occurrence has not been assessed in the wild. Vertical transmission has been demonstrated in other types of avian species. However, occurrence appears to be fairly low. Chlamydiosis is a common chronic infection of pigeons.C. psittaci infection may result in lethargy, anorexia, ruffled feathers, ocular and nasal discharge, conjunctivitis, diarrhea and excretion of green to yellow urates (West, 2011). Most infected feral pigeons are asymptomatic and latent carriers of C. psittaci, which makes it difficult to assess the risk of transmission of the bacterium to other animals, including humans. As mentioned earlier, increased shed ding of the infectious agents may be triggered by stress factors such as other concurrent infections or infestations, lack of food, breeding and overcrowding.It is important to note that as the density of nesting and roosting pigeons increases, the quality of life in the feral pigeon population deteriorates (Dickx et al. , 2010). In fact, excessive population density activates and stimulates regulation mechanisms that decimate nestlings and juvenile pigeons with infectious and parasitic diseases (Hedemma et al. , 2006). Crowded breeding places make pigeons behave more aggressively, which again mostly affects nestlings and juveniles that are the weakest members of the population, leading to a progressive spoiling of their physical condition.Thus, it is important for feral pigeon populations to be managed carefully in the urban environment to obtain an appropriate- sized and healthy population. Psittacosis in humans Although psittacine birds are the major source of human infection, ou tbreaks due to exposure to non-psittacine birds may also occur. The more common of these are due to exposure to pigeons, both wild and domestic. Humans most often become infected by inhaling the organism when urine, respiratory secretions or dried faeces of infected birds are dispersed in the air as very fine droplets or dust particles (Smith et al. , 2011).Other sources of exposure include mouth-to-beak contact, a bite from an infected bird or handling the plumage and tissues of infected birds (Smith et al. , 2011). A study by Smith et al. (2011) suggests that more than half of the human cases were due to exposure to C. psittaci through contaminated dust, direct contact with pigeons through feeding and handling pigeons. In addition, about 40 of the cases resulted from transient contacts with feral pigeons such as eating lunch in a park frequented by pigeons, walking through a pigeon flock, and living in a neighbourhood frequented by pigeons (Vazquez et al. 2010). The disease in hum ans varies from a flu-like syndrome to a severe systemic disease with pneumonia and possibly encephalitis. The disease is rarely fatal in patients treated promptly and correctly. The incubation period is usually 5–14 days, but longer incubation periods are known (Smith et al. , 2011). Common symptoms of infection in humans include headache, chills, malaise and myalgia, with or without signs of respiratory involvement (Smith et al. , 2011). Therefore, awareness of the danger and early diagnosis are important. Transmission of psittacosis from human to human is rare but can occur.Transmission from humans to birds has not been documented. Diagnoses The diagnosis of C. psittaci infections in birds can be a problem because of the occurrence of persistent infections in non-shedding clinically healthy birds. Isolation of C. psittaci is currently regarded as the standard method for the determination of active infections of birds. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques have been al so used to detect C. psittaci in samples of tissues, feces and respiratory specimens, and were found to be quite sensitive and rapid. Diagnoses can also be established by clinical presentation and positive antibodies against C. sittaci using microimmunoflourescence (MIF) methods (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). Conventional ELISA tests have been developed for detecting antibodies to C. psittaci in birds, however, it tends to sensitivity and specificity. Treatment No commercial vaccine is available for avian chlamydiosis. Antibiotic treatment of birds is the usual response to known infections. Tetracyclines are usually considered the drugs of choice although quinolones or macrolides have also been used (Tully, 2001). Chlortetracycline (CTC) is given on food depending on the bird species to be treated and type of food (Tully, 2001).Another drug that has also proved to be effective is doxycycline, which has been used for injecting and to treat bird food/ drinking water. Tetracycline antibio tics are the drug of choice for C. psittaci infection in humans. Mild to moderate cases can be treated with oral doxycycline or tetracycline hydrochloride (West, 2011). Severely ill patients should be treated with intravenous (IV) doxycycline hyclate. Treatment with antimicrobial drugs in humans usually lasts for 3 weeks while birds are treated for 45 days. Most C. psittaci infections are responsive to antibiotics within 1 to 2 days, however relapses can occur (Seth-Smith et al. 2011). Therefore sensible use of these drugs is very important, to prevent the development of drug-resistant bacterial strains Prevention Management of feral pigeon populations in the urban environment is a complex issue that requires careful planning. Education initiatives to communicate the health risks and recommendations for minimizing these risks should primarily be directed at susceptible groups such as the elderly, young children, immunosupressed individuals, homeless, and occupationally exposed group s (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009).Children should be warned not to handle sick or dead pigeons and immunocompromised individuals should be educated to carefully limit their contact with feral pigeons. Strict hygienic procedures should also be enforced when dealing with birds. Pigeon feeders should be encouraged to stop or limit their activity by implementing a feeding ban in defined urban areas (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanrompay, 2009). Furthermore, preservation of urban hygiene is very important and should be included in the aims of administrators and health officials, as it will lead to a reduced and healthier feral pigeon population (Vazquez et al. , 2010).The relationship between feeding, overcrowding, and the deterioration of living conditions of pigeons, should be the main focus when educating the general public. Monitoring for C. psittaci infections over time, by direct detection of the organism and/or by specific antibody testing, should also be considered in tho se who are in frequent close contact with bird puplations (ie. occupationally exposed workers) (Smith et al. , 2011). In addition, preventive measures such as wearing protective clothes with hoods, boots, gloves and air filter face masks should be worn when removing pigeon faeces from roofs, attics and/or buildings.Finally, for the sake of animal protection, visibly sick birds should be captured and taken into veterinary care where they should be appropriately treated with effective drugs such as tetracyclines, quinolones or macrolides (Seth-Smith et al. , 2011). . Conclusion Feral pigeons, more commonly known as ‘urban’ or ‘city’ pigeons, are present in both urban and rural areas all over the world. Due to frequent and close contact with people, pigeons are a public health concern as they are a source of many zoonotic agents.In particular Chlamydophila psittaci, a bacterium known to cause psittacosis in both birds and humans (Harkinezhad, Geens & Vanro mpay, 2009). Due to the growing population of pigeons, contact with infected pigeons or pathogen transmission is greatly increased. The infectious agent can be easily transmitted to humans through inhalation of contaminated dust and aerosols from infected pigeons or their feces. Once infected, people suffer from various conditions including mild influenza-like symptoms or severe pneumonia.In addition, the huge increase of feral pigeon populations in many cities is a major cause of concern due to the detrimental effect of pigeon droppings on environmental hygiene. Therefore it is important to monitor the health of both city bird populations and humans who come in close contact with possibly infected birds. As well, awareness and preventative measures must be taken into consideration when handling infected birds or their feces. Furthermore, management of feral population and preservation of urban hygiene is very important in controlling psittacosis. Work Cited Aundria West.A brief rev iew of Chlamydophila psittaci in birds and humans. Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 2011. 20:18–2. Dickx V, Beeckman D, Dossche L, Tavernier P, Vanrompay D. Chlamydophila psittaci in homing and feral pigeons and zoonotic transmission. Journal of Medical Microbiology. 2010. 59: 1348–1353. Greco G, Corrente M, Martella V. Detection of Chlamydophila psittaci in Asymptomatic Animals. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2005. 43: 5410-5411. Harkinezhad T, Geens T, Vanrompay D. Chlamydophila psittaci infections in birds: A review with emphasis on zoonotic consequences.Veterinary Microbiology. 2009. 135: 68–77. Heddema E, Sluis S, Buys J, Vandenbroucke-Grauls C, Van Wijnen J, Visser C. Prevalence of Chlamydophila psittaci in fecal droppings from feral pigeons in Amsterdam, The Netherlands. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. 2006. 34: 4423–4425. Magnino S, Haag-Wackernagel D, Geigenfeind I, Helmecke S, Dovc A, Prukner-Radovc E, Residbegovic E, Ilieski V, Larouc au K, Donati M, Martinov S, Kaleta E. Chlamydial infections in feral pigeons in Europe: Review of data and focus on public health implications. Veterinary Microbiology. 009. 135: 54–67. Seth-Smith H, Harris S, Rance R, West A, Severin J, Ossewaarde J, Cutcliffe L, Skilton R, Marsh P, Parkhill J, Clarke I, Thomson N. Genome sequence of the zoonotic pathogen Chlamydophila psittaci. Journal of Bacteriology. 2011. 28: 1282–1283. Smith K, Campbell C, Murphy J, Stobierski M, Tengelsen L. Compendium of measures to control Chlamydophila psittaci infection among humans (Psittacosis) and pet birds (Avian Chlamydiosis), 2010 National Association of State Public Health Veterinarians (NASPHV). Journal of Exotic Pet Medicine. 011. 20: 32–45. Tully T. Update on Chlamydophila psittaci. Seminars in Avian and Exotic Pet Medicine, 2001. 10: 20-24. Vanrompay D, Harkinezhad T, Van de Walle M, Beeckman D, Droogenbroeck C, Verminnen K, An Martel R, Cauwerts K. Chlamydophila psittaci t ransmission from pet birds to humans. Emerging Infectious Diseases. 2007. 13: 1108-1110. Vazquez B, Esperon F, Neves E, Lopez J, Ballesteros C, Munoz M. Screening for several potential pathogens in feral pigeons (Columba livia) in Madrid. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 2010, 52:45-51.

African American and Body Paragraphs

Instructions: Copy and paste the following text into a document or create a document that contains the same information. Writing Prompt What stylistic elements does King use to influence his readers? After reading and analyzing Letter from Birmingham Jail, write an essay in which you answer the question and analyze structure and language in his text, providing 3 or more examples to illustrate and clarify your analysis. What conclusion can you draw about the power of this text? 1. Copy and paste the introduction of your essay. If your instructor suggested any revisions to your introduction, please make your revisions and include in the space below. â€Å"Its unjust treatment of Negroes in the courts is a notorious (well-known) reality. There have been more unsolved bombings of Negro homes and churches in Birmingham than any city in this nation. These are the hard, brutal, and unbelievable facts. † Unfortunately, he was right. Those were â€Å"hard, brutal, and unbelievable facts† at that time. During the time he wrote the â€Å"Letter from Birmingham Jail† the African-American Civil Rights Movement was happening. People were protesting to get equal rights for â€Å"colored people†, to outlaw racial injustice in the USA and Martin Luther King Jr. was a big part of it. He was one of the leaders of this movement; this letter that he wrote was from jail because he was given a penalty for parading without a permit. Martin Luther King shows this power through similes, rhetorical questions and imagery which creates a bigger more important picture in the readers mind. Write 2. Using what you have learned about evidence, explanation, quotations, and paraphrase, write your body paragraphs in the space below. You will need to include at least one of each of the following: †¢a direct quotation introduced with a complete sentence and a colon †¢a direct quotation introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma †¢a direct quotation that is introduced and explained in one sentence †¢a paraphrased example †¢an embedded quotation Locate 3. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced with a complete sentence and a colon. Copy and paste it here. Be sure to include the entire sentence that contains the quotation as well as the explanation sentence(s) that comes after it. 4. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced with a signaling phrase and a comma. Copy and paste it here. Be sure to include the entire sentence that contains the quotation as well as the explanation sentence(s) that comes after it. 5. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate a direct quotation that is introduced and explained in one sentence. Copy and paste it here. 6. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate one paraphrased example and copy and paste it here. 7. Within the body paragraphs of your essay, locate one embedded quotation and copy and paste it here. Reflect 8. What are you most proud of in this draft of your body paragraphs? 9. What questions do you have about how to use examples or explanations in your writing? [ Close ]

Wreiter choice Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Wreiter choice - Research Paper Example The effects of media are felt differently in various parameters but there are common effects that will be critically analyzed in this article. The evaluation will therefore incorporate more knowledge into the reader of the article on the absolute effects of media in the society. This article will highlight appropriate issues that an individual should know in the matter of effects of mass media to the society. The influence of media in our lives thus the society as a whole is greatly related to the degree in which an individual interacts with the elements of media on a daily basis. Books are always highly influential because they came first before articles such as magazines, newspapers, and radio. In the 20th century, the television and radio were very influential as they were used in advertisements, marketing and many more. By the 21st century the great influence was from the internet through the worldwide website inform of blogs, social networks, and wikis. First, there should be a distinction between the effects and effectiveness of the mass media. In the capacity to achieve certain objectives whether attracting large audiences or influencing opinion and behavior of individuals. Both of these matters are paramount though there are a different set of consideration relating to each other. The second issue is whether individuals are concerned with the future or past thus this will facilitate their interaction with media to be often due to the search of particular important information. The last point is to know if the effects occur on an individual, group, culture, institution, or the society. In this case the major focus is on the effects and influence on the society (Perse & Elizabeth, 51). The effects of media on the society are always difficult to recognize because they take long to happen and they are always evolving on a daily

Minister who must respond to queries from the opposition during Essay

Minister who must respond to queries from the opposition during question period in the House - Essay Example On Thursday last week, some members of the opposition pointed out the sudden increase in the operating cost of some airplane. They also cited the case of a large number of people who have lost their job due to increased operating cost in the airline industry (Hsu, 2011). There was a proposal by some members for the carbon tax to be abolished in order to prevent loss of jobs and increase cost of living. The carbon tax faces some challenges in its current form and therefore requires your intervention. A number of environmental experts are of the opinion that the carbon tax should not be abolished; instead, it should be revised and a section of the contentious clauses such as cost be repealed (Gandhi et al., 2007). A report from the environmental shield agency has cited increased awareness and conformation to the carbon tax and advised against its abolition. A detailed, comprehensive and insightful statement is expected from you by 25th March, 2014 in order to convince the house members on the relevance of the carbon tax. Further, evaluate the contentious clauses and look for a solution from environmental experts. Gandhi, V. P., Cuervo, J., Gandhi, V. P., & International Monetary Fund. (2007). Carbon Taxes: Their Macroeconomic Effects and Prospects for Global Adoption A Survey of the Literature. Washington, D.C: International Monetary Fund Hassett, K. A., Mathur, A., Metcalf, G. E., & National Bureau of Economic Research. (2007). The incidence of a U.S. carbon tax: A lifetime and regional analysis. Cambridge, Mass: National Bureau of Economic

Cal report week 3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cal report week 3 - Essay Example These were named as radical humanism or subjective change ; radical structuralism which is to do with the many conflicts in society; interpretive sociology which deals with the interpretation of society ; and functionalist sociology which sees society as consisting of many interacting parts. It was discovered within the group how these ideas all relate to learning and knowledge within organizations, and also how they could be applied to particular difficulties. The various paradigms can be utilized individually or more than one can used at one time. To add a greater degree of understanding and the ability to apply these ideas metaphors can be used as shown by Morgan in 1980 and later by Hassard ( 1991) It is necessary to choose those which best fit our particular circumstances and reflect on them. As I took part in the week 3 learning group I began to discover how my the structure of my company fits into the various models of management research and how to use that knowledge in order to create the most applicable knowledge. I am now attempting to fit the paradigms to my work situation and see how compatible the two are. Also , using the right language , as described by Van Maanen (1991) will make it easier to produce convincing arguments.  Together with the use of metaphor this will help me to produce suitable solutions for my organization. The main aim this week was to be able to turn theories into practice. This means translating the models into actual work tasks and, by using the correct knowledge creation , enabling the most beneficial decisions to be made. HASSARD,J. 1991, Mulitple Paradigmsand Organizational Analysis : A Case Study, Organization Studies, 12 ( 2) pages 275-299, EBSCOhost, available from http:web.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liv.ac.uk/ehost/detail?hid=105&sid=446561bf-3152-405d-87fd-f6972fd2d38e%40sessionmgr115&vid=5&data=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGI2ZzY29wZT1zaXRI#db=buh&AN=593166, accessed 25th July 2011 MORGAN,G. 1980, Paradigms, metaphors and

Dynamics of health Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Dynamics of health - Essay Example In this paper, the above mentioned topics are clearly emphasized and discussed by providing them examples and illustrations. Moreover, they are also presented as factors proving that the health of individual can directly be correlated to his or her social environment. Brunner & Marmot (2006) emphasized causes of diseases and other related illnesses to be socio-economic aspects, geographical locations, climate and culture. Furthermore, stress can be noted in the second chapter of their article as one of the major causes of diseases. The process of acquiring disease from stress sounds like everything started out personal or social and then finally turned out into a more biological issue as the body physically responded to physical situations. Stress is an output of an environmental challenge faced by humans (Brunner & Marmot, 2006). The social environment in which the human lives is a challenging environment to live in. This shows that humans are not ensured from not experiencing stress as a result of various challenges faced by the humanity through socio-economic aspects, geographical locations, climate and culture. Stress is usually defined as reaction of people to excessive demands or pressures while coping with tasks, responsibilities or other job-related pressures and in the long run, it can lead to heart disease and high blood pressure (Robertson, 2000). The effect of stress can be so challenging and somehow serious to the extent that they are detrimental to future human race. Research shows that stress can affect fetus while the mother was stressed during pregnancy (Ward, 2007). It is important to think about treatment when it comes to management of chronic illness or other diseases. Thus, it is also important to look at patients’ response to some health care programs underlying treatment and prevention of diseases. This is simply to say that patients’ response to some programs underlying treatment may vary according to their

Discussing Theodore Roosevelt's views of American Nationalism and Research Paper

Discussing Theodore Roosevelt's views of American Nationalism and Imperialism - Research Paper Example By the nineteenth century, it was almost impossible to interchange the concepts of nationalism and racism. Enlightenment ideals heightened on nationalism and imperialism regardless of the emphasis on the equality and liberty of men as well as the cosmopolitan aspirations. Following the French Revolution, the republican government tries to unify all the French-speaking nations making them a single rule. This led to an aggressive campaign by the military in the Low Nations. Italian liberals on the other hand hoped to have a unified nation that would be under the Italians only and not a jumbled combination of foreign and domestic monarchs. Come the nineteenth century, there was no accord that the different species of mankind shared a common origin and that there worth was not equal. Most nations and leaders believed on the biological superiority of what was referred to as the Caucasian race and this was common with the Germanic peoples who seemed to be justified by the global colonial e mpires rise headed by the European countries. It is in the wake of this situation that this paper looks at the position taken by Theodore Roosevelt on imperialism and nationalism. Theodore Roosevelt’s came to power at a time when most of nations had adopted nationalistic and imperialistic modes as they tried to gain more territories and come up with the best military. This situation strengthened the desire of Theodore Roosevelt to construct the American race so that it becomes one that is full of ambitious, brave and hardworking men. To come up with such a race, Theodore Roosevelt’s remained open to mixing races as he believed that by mixing different races, he will be able to have men who had superior qualities than those men who were pure. Despite this position, Theodore Roosevelt also believed that there were some groups of people who he viewed as better representations of this race. He was in favor of people from the European descent as he excluded the Asians and A frican American considering them as being inferior. Some of his actions and speeches contrasted this position on race. He strongly believed and promised that people from different races were welcome and that they had the same rights as the rest of the American citizens. Early life Experience Theodore Roosevelt came from a tradition that revered the Protestant ethic, the middle class Americans. In his early childhood, he learned the ethic of the Bible and was introduced to social consciousness now that his father happened to be an avid philanthropy practitioner as well as a social worker who believed in putting in action what the Bible preached. His concern with regards to the poor was that the legislative form in pursuing to lessen the distress resulting from a new industrial and urban society. This take is evident in his progressive stance while he was serving as a New York’s Governor as well as the President. This showed that Theodore Roosevelt attitude was reverent and he pursued the highest Christian virtue ideals and opted to implement his own faith in assisting others and helping to come up with a better world. Theodore Roosevelt’s involvement in religion in his early life was that of works. His early Christianity life was behind his means to live a good life and this led to his ruling to emphasize on moral and good life. This remained to be an overriding passion in the faith of Theodore

Reporting the Survey on Green Organic Restaurant Research Paper

Reporting the Survey on Green Organic Restaurant - Research Paper Example There are significant challenges pertaining to convincing consumers that Green Organic cafe is introducing a new product, and it is healthy, or it promotes a healthy lifestyle. Therefore, the cafe has to direct, shape and focus on how customers will perceive its new product. How customers see an organization’s brand is not just what their eyes see but what they think and feel (Kotler, Pfoertsch and Michi 187). Green Organic cafe’s main objective is to promote healthy lifestyle by emphasizing on the quality of their product and the uniqueness of raw food. Presently, the raw food trends have less exposure, and are a well-known lifestyle in other parts of the world. There is lack of knowledge about raw food, in Kazakhstan, which might be a constraining force. A negative impression, which will be harder to change, can be created when clients lack information. Therefore, this survey has the main objective of carrying out a thorough market analysis. The study seeks to find ou t the restaurants and cafes in Almaty that are perceived to serve healthy food. Furthermore, the study seeks to establish the level of efficiency of online shopping service in the food industry in Almaty. The main hypothesis of this study is to establish whether there is a relationship between the perceptions of what healthy food is and accepting the new brand/ product, which is raw food. Another hypothesis is that of establishing whether there is a relationship between efficiency of online shopping service in the food industry and acceptance of new brands. Given that there are no traditional or new media channels that Green Organic cafe has used for promotion, the hypotheses will establish whether there is a relationship between online shopping service in the food industry and acceptance of new products and brands introduced by restaurants that are perceived to serve healthy foo

Liability & Use of Force Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Liability & Use of Force - Assignment Example Some state statutes actually necessitates that the other individual should have received the demand or request, and confirmation of commission about the overt act in furtherance of the conspiracy. Examples of such crimes include solicitation of murder, prostitution or bribery. In other statutes, solicitation crime takes place right away the asking occurs despite of what the outcomes of such a deed are whether or not, the solicited individual was ready and capable to conduct the offense or not. States do have specific solicitation statutes as well as general solicitation statutes, such as obstruction of justice solicitation (Ross, 2012). A number of statures require specific corroboration necessity under general solicitation. A case in point is the Texas penal code section 15.03(b) which defines that any individual cannot be convicted under such section based on uncorroborated testimony of the individual purportedly solicited evidence (Gardner & Anderson, 2011). Two options are used w hen trying to prove that a defendant is guilty of solicitation crime. Firstly, there is the provision of corroboration only a single witness plus corroborating evidence. Second, corroboration is provided by two witnesses, in addition to the corroborating evidence. Thus, under a solicitation crime, the corroborating evidence needs to link crime commission to the accused. That is why it is independent from witness confirmation facts. It may comprise acts, behavior, statements, as well as other circumstances that display a link of the defendant to the stated crime (Singer & La Fond, 2010). Question 2 Conspiracy is substantiated when there is an accord to perform any illegal act. However, majority of the federal statutes necessitate that one of the co-conspirators should have commit an overt deed, such as assassination, abduction, defrauding of the government, or else commit a breach of a person civil rights in furthering the intentions of the conspiracy (Gardner & Anderson, 2011). Furt hermore, there is no much consideration concerning which one of the supposed co-conspirators performed the overt act.   Thus, it need not be a criminal deed, but just a single overt deed is sufficient to establish the reality of the conspiracy (Gaines & Miller, 2012). The reason being that without an overt action, it is not legally sufficient to validate that the said crime was performed with the declarant being conscious of the present conspiracy, and went further to get  connected to such a crime intentionally. The rationalization is that the declarant collaborated positively inside the action, or just offered an agreement to collaborate, and which does not substantiate that they participated in the crime (Gardner & Anderson, 2011).   Notably, the overt act cannot be brought against the other suspected co-conspirators, when it was not wished to further the broader intentions of the conspiracy. Nevertheless, it qualifies when both clandestinely planned to further the particip ant own individual purpose.   Moreover, the overt act need not be a subsequent autonomous act which follows the structure of the conspiracy. When it comes to multiple conspiracies, the defendant can be linked to different conspiracy, and the co-conspirator is the only individual permitted to tender

Product Life Cycle Essay Example for Free

Product Life Cycle Essay â€Å"Products, like humans, no matter how successful, are mortals† (adopted from Batory, 2008). This interesting quote shows the fact that a product does have a lifespan in the marketplace. That’s why managers and marketers should understand the life cycle concept in order to effectively manage their products in each different stage. This essay aims at giving an idea about the Product Life Cycle (PLC) concept. It begins with defining the concept. Then, it gives an idea about the four different stages of the product life cycle (introduction- growth- maturity- decline) with example product in each stage. First of all, to understand the concept of ‘Product Life Cycle’ (PLC), it is better to start by defining the concept. According to Merriam Webster (2008), a product ‘life cycle’ term is defined as â€Å"a series of stages through which a product passes during its lifetime†. These four stages â€Å"begin with the introduction of the product to the market and end with the decline of this product or even the withdrawal of this product from the market† (Thompson, 2001). The life cycle of a product –generally- is divided into four main stages, (1) introduction, (2) growth, (3) maturity, and (4) decline. Obviously, the logic or analysis in this life cycle is based on the change or performance of sales, revenues or profitability of this product in the market. The â€Å"duration of products or brands could be few months or even centuries, such as gasoline powered automobile† (NetMBA, 2007). Now, to realize the importance of this concept, it is important to know what this concept exactly means for business managers or marketers. According to Kotler and Keller (2006), this life cycle shows that â€Å"products have main things in common, (1) a limited lifespan; (2) changes in sales/revenues/profits depending on each stage with different characteristics, challenges, and opportunities; and (3) the need to use different strategies (financial, human resources, manufacturing, marketing, and purchasing) in each stage†. (Cited in Papares4You, 2007) As a result, these different stages of the product life cycle could be used to effectively manage the product by using the appropriate strategies or even making any required changes in the marketing mix. The first stage is the introduction stage which begins after the product development, when the product is introduced to the market. The most important thing is to create ‘demand’ for this new product by creating ‘customer awareness’ of it. It is natural in this stage to have low growth in the sales (or profitability) of this product. That’s why promotion in the introduction stage should be intensive to create ‘customer awareness’. Companies should have a long-term marketing strategy for the product in this stage. For example, it is not important during this stage to have high revenues or profits; the company could adjust the pricing policy based on this long-term strategy and introduce the product at a low price to attract customers and make it easy for them take the purchasing decision. There are many examples for products in this stage such as iphones, virtual reality, digital cameras, mini computers, DVD, video phones. Some of these examples will remain in this stage longer than the others due to high prices such as video phones, and others won’t remain for too long –may be 5 or 10 years- such as digital cameras, mini computers, DVD, iphones due to the increasing awareness of the product along with the increasing demand from consumers. The second stage is the growth stage; when the product becomes available and sales begin to rapidly increase till the market approaches saturation. Competitors start to enter the market in this stage. Companies could succeed in this stage by –for example- â€Å"adding new product features or improve its quality and managing customer relationship†. (Papares4You, 2007) There are many examples for products in this stage such as CD player, personal or home computing, the internet and mobile or cellular phones. The sales of these products are growing faster and faster. However, a product such as CD player may be replaced by other products. But, the internet and personal computing are about to enter the maturity stage may be five or ten years. The third stage is the maturity stage; and this is when the market is saturated with this product. However, it is not necessary that the product reaches this stage. Sales in this stage continue to grow till their peaks but with a low growth rate. There are â€Å"some product categories which remain in this stage for decades or centuries such as automobiles, cigarettes, and refrigerators; sales for these categories may remain at their peak for decades† (Thompson, 2001). There are many examples for products in this stage such as automobiles, toothpaste (such as Crest and Colgate), Coca-Cola and Pepsi, batteries (such as Duracell). Batteries’ technologies are changing that’s why a product like traditional batteries will stay – may be for 20 years for maximum- until new batteries enters the market. There are some strategies such as intelligent branding, entering new markets, and adding significant changes to the product could make the product stay longer in this stage. The fourth stage is the decline stage; when the product withdraws from the market due to deterioration in sales and profits. The decline in sales could be due to â€Å"(1) technological developments, (2) changes in consumer behaviour, or (3) significant increases in competition† (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004 cited in Papares4You, 2007) There are many examples for products in this stage such as vinyl records, black and white T. V. , the yo-yo, the hula-hoop, the pet rock Now, after having an idea about the four stages of product life cycle, it is important to realize that the product could repeat this cycle over as the case in fashion for example. And the duration of the product in each stage isn’t fixed because there are products that stays for too long in the introduction stage (such as video phones- microwave ovens- automatic dishwashers) or in the maturity stage (such as refrigerator- T. V. Coca-Cola). Also, the product needs different strategies in each stage. For example, to use intensive promotion’ in the ‘introduction stage’ to create ‘customer awareness’ or to introduce products with low prices to increase customers; and to add more features to the product or decrease prices in the ‘growth stage’ to enter new markets and to still competitive. Finally, any product could be affected by many factors –mentioned previously- in its life cycle such as â€Å"(1) technological developments, (2) changes in consumer behavior, or (3) significant increases in competition† (Kotler and Armstrong, 2004 cited in Papares4You, 2007). That’s why business managers and marketers should continuously study the external environment along with the product life cycle to be able to effectively manage their products and in the marketplace.

Risks associated with acts of God Essay Example for Free

Risks associated with acts of God Essay There are various approaches that can be used in assigning probabilities of acts of God. This includes drawing of risk impact/probability chart which helps the risk manager to decide which type of risks requires more attention. Scientific approach can also be used in assigning probabilities of acts of God. Scientific approach is an appropriate approach in managing risks and making decisions under conditions of uncertainty such as acts of God. Risk managers can also use lay people response to occurrence and probability of risks as a result of acts of God (Attar, 2010). As a risk manager, I prefer using risk impact/probability chart because it demonstrates both the probabilities of the risk occurring which ranges from anywhere just above 0% and below 100%. The probability of risks associated with acts of God is also expressed. Additionally, the impact as a result of the risk is shown. The approach that cannot be used in assigning probabilities to acts of God is use of lay people response; this is because it is biased, unscientific and ill-informed approach. Part 2 . The source of valid data for estimating chances of a single act of God is history records that are already kept showing the frequency in which the events occurred in the past. From these records, the risk manager is able to estimate the chances of an act of God occurring in the present. According to the concept of conditional probability, it argues that the probability of an event or outcome occurring is mainly based on the occurrence of a previous event or outcome. In risk management, conditional probabilities are mainly contingent on a previous result. In the exposure of due intelligence, I will apply the concept of conditional probability by multiplying the probability of the preceding event by the updated probability of the succeeding event. References Attar, H. (2010). The Scientific Approaches to Risk and Risk Management: A Critical Review. Retrieved August 16 from http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=tasr.2011.386.393org=10

Failure In An Air Compressor Engineering Essay

Failure In An Air Compressor Engineering Essay Abstract In this project, the mission which needs to be accomplished is to investigate the relentless root cause of such failure and to give useful recommendations which can help to avoid such failures in the reciprocating compressor under study in the future. An engine driven auxiliary air compressor failed, the air compressor is located in the Hawke workshop. The first stage will be to establish details about the compressor, the manufacturer and how the compressor works. Classification of compressors and types will be also discussed and of course the theory of operation. Collecting components failed in order to be examined subsequently for the failure cause or causes this will be held using a variety of methods. NDE (non-distractive examination) or NDT (non-destructive testing) is valuable way to use for preliminary inspection of the failed parts without damaging it. Discussion of the probable causes for the failure well be performed in the following chapters as well as the conclusion obtained from study conducted. Introduction This project will investigate and analysis a failure happened in an air compressor. This investigation will be done in several ways to figure out the cause of the failure. Air compressor is a machine has the ability to compress the air and release it to convert the electrical power to kinetic energy to use it in several industrials and usages. Air compressor is consisting of many components. These components are electrical motor, pistons, air pump, air receiver, air drier, filters, air pressure regulator and pressure switch. All of these components will be discussed in details in the next chapters. There are also types of air compressor will be discussed later. Background The case which had here is a failure in an air compressor. From the first sight on the damage happened in it, it seems to be that the failure happened in the connecting rod and its obvious from the below figure number 1. This figure shows that the failure happened in the connecting rod from the ring part which connected to a crank shaft. But the reason for this failure is unknown as there are several scenarios could be adopted. The first scenario is the fatigue is the reason for this failure. The second scenario is a very heavy pressure loaded to the compressor which led to that failure. These are the most expected scenarios which will be investigated later in this project to figure out the reason of the failure. C:UsersAzizDocumentsreportsgreenwichMOHAMMADAir_CompIMG_0471.JPG Figure 1: Failure of compressor connecting rod Amis and objectives Aims: The main aim of this graduation project is to investigate and discover the cause or the causes of failure of diesel engine driven auxiliary reciprocating air compressor made by Knorr-Bremse, model number is LP 4865. This will be achieved by carrying out the below objectives, once its achieved, the main aim of the project will be achieved. Project objectives: Collecting valuable information about, model number is LP 4, this will include: design of compressor, design of each part, construction materials of each part, operation principles, working theory, production range..etc. collecting data will help to recognize main failure cause, and accordingly to prepare new procedure to eliminate the problem, to decrease the opportunity of failure occurrence in the future, use greater safety factor and to recognize the person or the entity responsible for failure and to make mistake proofing for future avoidance of the failure. Collecting this background information is not limited to numbers only but it is should be extended to everything such as pictures, charts and graphs and samples. Investigating operational parameters, history of operation, nature of operation..etc in order to be able to determine precisely the root cause of such failure and which failure mode it follows. Physical investigation or macroscopic inspection should be carried out. This mission includes photo capturing, code of the product, model number, lot number, batch number and serial number. Perform compressor disassembly in order to dismantle each component, part, assemblies and sub-assemblies to perform through investigation and inspection of each. Its should be mentioned that necessary tests and analyses should be performed; mainly the manufacturer usually has his own procedures and tests for test and inspection. Air Compressor What is the air compressor? Air compressor is a machine that converts electric power to kinetic energy (motion). This energy comes from pressurizing and compressing air. After that, the compressed air goes into a chamber, and the air kept in the chamber by unidirectional valve. There are many types of compressors these types are: reciprocating compressor, rotary screw compressor and centrifugal compressor. These types will be explained in details below. Reciprocating compressor: Reciprocating air compressor is positive displacement compressor. This compressor sucks a volume of air and presses it with high pressure. This pressure done by using a piston and cylinder as movement part and displacement part. The compressor could be single acting or double acting according to its accomplish by using one side or both side. When the pressure difference between the cylinder and the receiver became proper, the valves open. Inlet valves open when the pressure in the cylinder is slightly below the intake pressure. Discharge valves open when the pressure in the cylinder is slightly above the discharge pressure. The compressor could be a single stage when the compression process done parallel. Rotary screw compressor: Also Rotary air compressor is a positive displacement compressor. Single stage helical or spiral lobe oil flooded screw is the most common in rotary air compressor. This compressor is consisting of 2 rotors located in a case where the air is compressed internally without any valves. The cooling for these compressors done by oil. As the cooling for the working parts happened inside the compressor, this type of compressor will not experience over heat due to operation, so it could operate without stop. Due to the simple design of the rotary screw compressor and its parts it can be maintained easily and installed any where could handle its static weight. The 2 stages rotary air compressor uses 2 rotors with a combined air end. This 2 rotors installed in series to share the compression. This raise up the efficiency with 50%. This 2 stage rotary compressor combined the maximum profit from the rotary screw with its simplicity and flexibility and the reciprocating compressor with its effect ive energy when it works 2 stages with double acting. The 2 stages of this compressor could be cooled by water, air or oil. The cooling system for this compressor could be oil, air and water. Centrifugal compressor: The centrifugal air compressor is a dynamic compressor that depends on transfer of energy from a rotating impeller to the air. This done by changing the airs momentum and pressure. By slowing the air in stationary diffuser the momentum converted to pressure. This compressor is oil free compressor. There is a separation between the lubricated oil and air by shaft seals and atmospheric vents. Where the high volume of dry air is required a centrifugal compressor is the proper compressor as it has a few moving parts and could operate continuously. The reciprocating air compressor (knorr-bremse, model lp 4865) The main study object in this project as said before is to study the reciprocating air compressor (knorr-bremse lp 4865). By searching the internet and try to get information about the air compressor which needed to complete this study but unfortunately the required information couldnt be found. So the general information about the reciprocating air compressor will be mentioned instead of the specific air compressor. There are 9 main parts for the reciprocating air compressor these parts are: Crank case: Crank case is a close rigid body where the crank shaft and the bearing house where located. This body could by rectangular or square shape. Mainly crank case formed by using cast iron. Crank Shaft: Crank shaft in one of the most important parts in air compressor. It is a motion transferor. It designed as one piece has balance in its dynamics and tries to avoid any twisting. To ensure a long life for bearings, the polishing and crank pin will be done. Generally crank shafts have a fly wheel. This crank shaft manufactured mainly of high grade S.G iron. Connecting rod: This part is responsible of transfer the motion from the crank shaft to the piston and changing the direction from the rotating motion come from the crank shaft into reciprocating motion in piston. This part is mainly forged of alloy steel. Bearings: Bearings are made to provide the rotating gear with rigidity. Its mainly manufactured of copper lead alloy. Cross slide: to get a perfect running for cross head, this part is responsible for reduce the inertia. This part is commonly manufactured of high grade S.G. iron. Cylinder: This part is where the air flow passes and compressed. Cylinders are manufactured with water jacket to reduce the generated heat from the compression process. This cylinder mainly made of cast iron. Pistons: Piston is the main part in the compression process, which move forward to compress the air and backward to intake a new air amount to compress. There are 2 types of piston according to its lubrication system, the first type is non-lubricated which made from aluminium alloy, and the second type which is lubricated is made from cast iron. Due to moving of piston in the cylinder, so there must a space exist between them, to ensure there is no leak happened for air a piston rings located on piston. Piston rod: Piston rod is this rod which connects the piston to the connecting rod. The piston rod is manufactured of alloy steel. Intake and discharge valves: These valves are responsible for the amount of air sucked or discharged. When the piston in the retraction position the suction valve open to allow the air to get in. when the piston move forward and reach the maximum pressure the discharge valve open. These 2 valves are adjusted to be opened and closed according to the pressure difference between inside the cylinder and the outside. These valves are made from stainless steel even a plate type or spring type. Problem Analysis The first problem in this study is that damage which happened in the connecting rod from ring which connected with crack shaft. As said in the background, there are 2 scenarios leads to this damage. The first scenario is a fatigue accrues in the connecting rod with lead to this damage as it couldnt stand the motion and the pressure any more. The second scenario is an excessive pressure more than the maximum pressure which could be hold by the compressor. At the same time a malfunction in the discharge happened, and this could be taken in consider as it must opened at slightly below the maximum pressure. In both scenarios, the damage in the connecting rod lead to another greater damage in the piston and the cylinder, as the piston start to move in non-liner motion and hitting the cylinder wall. This leads to a serious damage in the compressors piston and cylinder. The second problem is gathering the information about the air compressor Knorr-Bremse Lp 4865. This problem happened as the manufactured company keep the information about this compressor not listed and its material and properties to figure out the reason of the damage, maybe by knowing its maximum pressure or material type to check the fatigue on it. Problem Solution To overcome the second problem a deeply internet search is made with trying to contact with the manufactured company through their website www.knorr-bremse.com, but with no result. So another technique implemented, which is gathering common information about reciprocating air compressor and its common parts and materials. This could be useful but not accoutre.

Aboriginal Beliefs Essay -- essays research papers

The Aborigines had, and still have, a complex belief in creation, spirits and culture, that gives a definite distinctiveness from any other religion in the world. Thousands of years ago, Australian Aboriginal people were living in accordance with their dreamtime beliefs- today, a majority of the Aboriginal community profess allegiance to Christianity, and only 3% still adhere to traditional beliefs. These beliefs have provided the Aboriginal people with guidance and perspective on all aspects of life. There were many variants to these beliefs and practises throughout the many Aboriginal tribal areas, but all Aboriginal people have developed an intimate relationship between themselves and their environment. They see themselves as spiritually bound to the natural world. The basis of Aboriginal religion revolves around their sacred mythology known as “The Dreamtime';. The Dreamtime specifically refers to the period of time when the creators made the territory of a tribe and all it contained. It was a period when patterns of living were established and laws were laid down for human beings to follow. The Dreamtime is linked with many aspects of Aboriginal practise, including rituals, storytelling and Aboriginal lore, and explains the origin of the universe, the workings of nature and the nature of humanity, and the cycle of life and death. It shapes and structures Aboriginal life by controlling kinship, ceremonial life, and the relationship between males and females with a system of responsibility involving people, land and spirits. The aim or objective of traditional Aboriginal people was to live the exact lifestyle that had been created for them by the creators thus, the Aboriginal people strive to perpetuate and continue the never ending dream ing. The creators were the ancestors of all living things, including the Aborigines themselves. Sometimes human, sometimes animal, they were possessed of miraculous powers. Their deeds on earth are enshrined in Aboriginal mythology and are closely associated with animals and other features of the natural environment. Each tribe had it’s own creation myth. For example, the people of the Arunda tribe believed that the spirits cut them from the earth in the Dreamtime. Originally, myths, or Dreamtime stories, were not expressed simply in verbal or written form but were enacted, chanted, painted, cost... ... new growth. Food taboos and totemism had the effect of protecting animal and other species because some people were not permitted to eat certain foods and a person could not always eat their own totem. This had the effect of providing a safe environment for particular species. Many sub-tribes moved around their land following the food chain cycles. This meant that they never stayed in the one place where they could extinguish the food sources. In some tribes particular beliefs were held about dangers that could threaten the life of animals or birds. One tribe (the Wiimbaio) were afraid of blood falling into lakes or rivers, incase storms or other disasters would result, and would kill the fish. Aboriginal beliefs are expressed in a number of ways, including their Dreamtime practices, such as stories, art and corroborees, and rituals, such as initiation, birth, marriage and death, as well as the Aboriginal lore. Such a complex and unique outlook on the universe and humans, and with the assistance of their ability to continue their practices through hundreds of generations, allowed the Aboriginal belief system to evolve to be one of, if not the, oldest surviving race in the world.

Education and Social Unrest Essay example -- Educational Educating Ess

Education and Social Unrest Introduction Society has long expressed its frustration in forms of visual protest, the most basic being deviant crimes and violent acts against others. This action is a way to draw attention of others as well as vent aggressions. This violence is often found in lower social groups as they feel the burden of financial problems and a lack of social mobility. It has become a growing epidemic in America; the growth of poverty stricken neighborhoods is now at an all time high. Since 1970 the population of high-poverty tracts (with poverty rates of 40 percent or more) has increased from 4.1 to 8.0 million (Ludwig 147). These growths have increased the size and number of struggling communities in urban areas. These areas have many problems that must be addressed involving youth related problems. The adolescents that grow in these areas do not receive the proper tools needed to achieve social mobility and so are left in a vicious circle of poverty. This loss of hope and desire for change leads t oo many social problems the major one being youth violence Over one-half (53%) of the respondents [adolescent males in high-poverty communities] have been in at least one type of violent behavior in the past year, and almost one-quarter have engaged in repeated hitting of family members or acquaintances. Once in four (23%) have been involved in at least one type of serious predatory violence, including carrying a hidden weapon, gang fighting, use of strong arm methods, or assault. (Saner 97) These youths need a way to escape this circle of poverty. To overcome the social limitations placed on this community of people it is crucial that they are offered every tool that can help them succeed. This... ...ensah, Addae. Africa News Service. â€Å"Male Dropouts Go Into Crime.† p1008290u0298. Oct 17, 2001 Brooks-Gunn, Jeane, Greg J. Duncan, and Lawence Aber. 1997a. Neighborhood Poverty, Volume I: Context and Consequences for Children. Russell Sage Foundation. Lewis, Oscar. On Understanding Poverty: Perspectives from the Social Sciences. â€Å"The Culture of Poverty.† Pg. 187-200. Basic Books, 1968. Greene, Jay P.; Winters, Marcus A. When Schools Compete: The Effect of Vouchers on Florida Public School Achievement. New York, Center for Civic Innovation. 2003. Meeks, Loretta F., Wendell A Meeks, and Claudia A. Warren. Racial Desegreration: Magnet Schools, Vouchers, Privitization, and Home Schooling. Chicago, University of Illinois. 2000. Ludwig, Jens, Helen F Ladd, Greg J. Duncan. Urban Povert and Educational Outcomes. Raleigh, Duke University. 2001

Finding True Freedom in Kate Chopins The Awakening Essay -- Chopin A

Finding True Freedom in The Awakening   Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening details the endeavors of heroine Edna Pontellier to cope with the realization that she is not, nor can she ever be, the woman she wants to be. Edna has settled for less. She is married for all the wrong reasons, saddled with the burden of motherhood, and trapped by social roles that would never release her. The passage below is only one of the many tender and exquisitely sensory passages that reveal Edna’s soul to the reader. "The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing, whispering, dancing, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude; to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation. The voice of the sea speaks to the soul. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace."(32) When Edna's one chance for change; her only hope, Robert, deserts her, she realizes that her dreams are unachievable.   It is this grim acceptance that steals our heroine's last shard of optimism from her. Edna Pontellier's suicide is completely believable, justifiable, and understandable. This world was too cruel for her tender spirit; this life too stifling for her to bear. None of this surprises me. How many women (or men, for that matter) go through life with their eyes closed? How many find it easier to simply shut out the ugliness and horror that surrounds them? Finally seeing the loathsome existence they are a part of can simply be "too much" for many to sustain. Utter despair and hopelessness soon devour that fragile soul, with frailty too great for this existence. Mr. Pontellier's thoughts reveal much about Edna's nature to us, and perhaps most of her mistakes as well. He feels that "his wife... ... The social roles she was trying to break away from would never really have released her. "Leonce and the children†¦were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul" (137). I find myself wishing that she had never opened her eyes; that she could have lived out her days blissfully ignorant of the circumstances which bound her. This being impossible, even more than the idea of a life of her own, Edna chose the only possible option to escape from an existence full of unfulfilled desires and unhappiness. Edna re-enters the sea; scene of her first taste of power and emancipation. She returns because it offers her the only other possible freedom she is allowed; the freedom of death. It is not an act of weakness, or romanticism†¦it is that of a woman claiming her liberty, her strength†¦and her self†¦one last time.    Finding True Freedom in Kate Chopin's The Awakening Essay -- Chopin A Finding True Freedom in The Awakening   Kate Chopin's novel, The Awakening details the endeavors of heroine Edna Pontellier to cope with the realization that she is not, nor can she ever be, the woman she wants to be. Edna has settled for less. She is married for all the wrong reasons, saddled with the burden of motherhood, and trapped by social roles that would never release her. The passage below is only one of the many tender and exquisitely sensory passages that reveal Edna’s soul to the reader. "The voice of the sea is seductive; never ceasing, whispering, dancing, murmuring, inviting the soul to wander for a spell in abysses of solitude; to lose itself in mazes of inward contemplation. The voice of the sea speaks to the soul. The touch of the sea is sensuous, enfolding the body in its soft, close embrace."(32) When Edna's one chance for change; her only hope, Robert, deserts her, she realizes that her dreams are unachievable.   It is this grim acceptance that steals our heroine's last shard of optimism from her. Edna Pontellier's suicide is completely believable, justifiable, and understandable. This world was too cruel for her tender spirit; this life too stifling for her to bear. None of this surprises me. How many women (or men, for that matter) go through life with their eyes closed? How many find it easier to simply shut out the ugliness and horror that surrounds them? Finally seeing the loathsome existence they are a part of can simply be "too much" for many to sustain. Utter despair and hopelessness soon devour that fragile soul, with frailty too great for this existence. Mr. Pontellier's thoughts reveal much about Edna's nature to us, and perhaps most of her mistakes as well. He feels that "his wife... ... The social roles she was trying to break away from would never really have released her. "Leonce and the children†¦were a part of her life. But they need not have thought that they could possess her, body and soul" (137). I find myself wishing that she had never opened her eyes; that she could have lived out her days blissfully ignorant of the circumstances which bound her. This being impossible, even more than the idea of a life of her own, Edna chose the only possible option to escape from an existence full of unfulfilled desires and unhappiness. Edna re-enters the sea; scene of her first taste of power and emancipation. She returns because it offers her the only other possible freedom she is allowed; the freedom of death. It is not an act of weakness, or romanticism†¦it is that of a woman claiming her liberty, her strength†¦and her self†¦one last time.   

Quality revolution Essay

Managers involved in helping their organizations improve quality are frequently puzzled over which approach to use. Some organizations adopt an eclectic approach using components of the three philosophies and combining what they consider to be the best from the best. Other organizations select the Crosby, Deming, or Juran approach and remain loyal to it; all their education, training, and implementation efforts reflect support for that one approach. There are organizations that switch in midstream (e.g., begin with Crosby, move to Juran, and then move to Deming). These organizations expect dramatic improvements in a short period of time and their obsession with immediate results forces them to try different approaches on a trial-and-error basis, without thought to a long-term strategy. The key to successful implementation of quality principles and methods is tied to leadership. In fact, lack of management and leadership commitment is considered by Crosby to be the number one cause of quality improvement failure. According to Juran, every successful quality revolution has included the active participation of upper management. There are no exceptions. Deming agrees. He says the transformation is top management’s job and it cannot be delegated. Quality is not a quick fix to address management problems. It is not a program, but a transformation. As part of this effort, top managers must recognize the need for assessment, strategic planning, and the development of a long-term, integrated organization-wide approach. Leadership is needed to establish policies defining the positions the organization will take in regard to quality Leadership is also needed to cultivate a customer orientation and provide all employees with ongoing education and training. These arguments notwithstanding, success or failure will rest upon the correct assessment of how to achieve customer-defined quality criteria and the kind of leadership required to get the organization mobilized in the most cost-acceptable way. â€Å"The approaches of Crosby, Deming, and Juran do not represent â€Å"programs† in the usual sense of the word, but they do not have starting and ending dates.† â€Å"The key successful implementation of quality principles and methods is tied to leadership. â€Å"

What It Takes To Have A Lasting Relationship

There are triplet secret Cs to expression a invariable relationship. These are shootment, parley, and creativity. match to relationship experts and best-selling authors, Kathlyn and Gay Hendricks, who feel been successfully married for 25 years, the first of all big secret to a invariable relationship is the C-word most people reverence commitment. In a romantic relationship, couples should commit to processes or how to get things d unmatchable unneurotic and non to outcomes as these will not lead them their desired goals for the relationship.Similarly, speaking candidly and telling the truth are government agencys of committing. Contrary to what others think, secrecy and keeping a part of oneself are not healthy. Moreover, since it is not easy to fully commit, each one may sometimes fail in time the secret is to keep on recommitting and not dwell on the failure of committing (Hughes, 2006). The bit big secret according to the Hendricks is intentional how to dea l with emotions such as anger, fear, and sadness.These are the most difficult feelings humans enquire to address hence learning how to be aware of these feelings and to speak about these in a simple and honest way (Hughes, 2006) is crucial for the relationship. With this, healthy and open communication lines should be maintained between couples. other big secret to a lasting relationship is creativity. The Hendricks claimed that couples should learn how to support the seminal path of their partners.They further said that creativity adds to peoples attractiveness and revitalization. Moreover, creativity in individuality and in virtuoso is also important in maintaining relationships. Hence, gustatory sensation or gratitude for these also need to be maintained. Consequently, maintaining a relationship is not still a walk in the honey oil for couples. For it to last, commitment, communication, and creativity are needed.

Filinvest Company Background Essay

Filinvest Land, Inc. (FLI) is adept of the removeing satisfying earth developers in the Philippines. It is a subsidiary of Filinvest Development Corporation (FDC), which has much than 40 years of experience in real solid ground development. Founded by Mr. Andrew L. Gotianun, Sr., FDC is the holding companionship of the Gotianun Family. Origin in ally enmeshed in the small-scale financing of second pass around cars in 1955, the Gotianun Familys crinkle later expand into consumer finance in compositionnerships with foreign institutions such as Chase Manhattan swan, Westingho hire Electric Corporation and Ford Philippines. By the early 1980s, the Gotianun Familys Filinvest Credit Corporation had befit one and only(a) of the leading consumer finance companies in the Philippines in terms of assets, and the Filinvest name had travel comfortably recognise in the Philippines.The Gotianun Family entered the real estate business in 1967 through and through the incorporation o f Filinvest originalty Corporation, which engaged in the development of residential subdivisions. In 1984, the Gotianun Family consolidated their real estate interests in FDC after divesting their sh ars in cardinal family-owned banks, Family Bank and Trust Company and the Insular Bank of Asia and America. By 1990, FDC expanded its products line to include the development and sale of low-cost and medium-cost housing units. FLI was incorporated on November 24, 1989 as Citation Homes, Inc. and changed its name to FLI on July 12, 1993. It began mercantile operations in August 1993 after FDC spun impinge on itsMISSION AND VISSIONThe primary responsibility of Filinvest Land is to the people that inha second base the cities, communities, and dentures it has created. Filinvest bequeath continually contribute to the economic development of society and leave alone function as a bang-up corporate citizen.II.View point ground on the researchers opinion, Filinvest Alabang Incorporated is a s swell found enterprise in the Philippines. In fact, Filinvest Alabang Incorporated was ranked as high as number 5 Top Real nation Companies in the Philippines. Although its a well accomplished company present in the Philippines, still, they do light upon minor and major worrys depending on the situation and due(p) to any(prenominal) environmental factors. Since Real Estate is the of import source of profit for the company, it is real(prenominal) important that the care ordain hire super qualified employees who let a quality that can military service of process the company grow. And to agnize the employees perform better, the management should abide rewards that give help motivate the employees to function effectively and efficiently.OverviewAlthough Filinvest Alabang, established a st adequate place in the marketplace it should be always equipped with contingency plans in case of crisis or if any problems entrust rise. And in this paper, the research ers will provide a concrete abstract of the problems of the said company, and might will provide solutions for the granted up problem.III.Time contextFilinvest Alabang, Inc. (FAI) was incorporated on August 25, 1993 in connection with the development of Filinvest Corporate City (FCC) in Alabang, a joint venture with the governments Public Estates Authority. FAI is 80% owned by FDC and 20% owned by FLI. FAIs primary watch is FCC, a 244-hectare mixed-use development date located at the s proscribedherly end of tube-shaped structure Manila and side by side(p) to the S protrudeh Expressway in Alabang. FAI uses modern, ecological urban planning and design in developing FCC as an alternative to Metro Manilas business districts. Since the start of its development in 1995, FCC has grown to become a major destination in southern Manila that services all segments of the population with a wide array of retail, office and residential developments.It is home to key anchors such as Insular Life, Asiatic Hospital and the fast-growing Northgate Cyberzone BPO hub. The second busiest transport last(a) in Metro Manila is in the quick vicinity, making FCC a major gateway for commuters red ink into and out of Metro Manila from the south. The extension of the air lane elevated road to Alabang significantly enhances the value of FCC and advertise increase its attractiveness as the location of prime(prenominal) for offices and residential living in the South of Metro ManilaIV. Statement of the problemMAIN paradox Relationship basis inside the corporation major hassleLow enlisting branch lose communication inside the industryMINOR PROBLEM Relationship basis inside the corporation recognise and benefits of the employees are small and little in pawSalaries and wages are not accommodated wellV.Statement of purposeTo identify the cause of the slow recruitment functioning in Filinvest Alabang Inc. To provide possible solutions for the slow recruitment demonstrate. To a nalyze problems occurring inside the cooperation and providing solutions to patch-up the problems of employees regarding the delay of their salaries and having less rewards and incentives. To provide solution for improvement of employees and workers skills regarding in handling customers service and maintaining good image of the industry. * detailTo identify the distinguishable demands and problems of the employees inside the organization which they conjecture is affecting their performance. That way, the firm will be adequate to provide any possible solution so to trim down those types of problems affecting the employee. The study will cover the common types of problems that employees encounters Salary and Wages, running(a) hours and family relationship among other employees. * MeasurableThe company could provide seminars formerly or twice a month to insure all the concerns that i bothering the employee. That way, the manager will be able to point out what exactly is the pr oblem inside the organization. And by providing seminars for the employee, they will be able to know more how to interact with their co-employees. With this type of structure, almost probably, the organization will be able to calculate any ongoing long term problems within a year.* AttainableThe objectives of this study are so attainable as it will point more on solving the problems of the employees. Although it will take some era to discuss, know and solve their problems, still it is very important for the part of the management to address all the employee concerns so that they will be able to function well.* RealisticThe plan is bound to be effective if its enforced, although it will take some time to execute it properly.* Time boundThe purport auditory sense of this study is mainly the employees of this organization. And this plan should be implemented for a year.VI.SWOT analysisStrengthFilinvest Alabang Incorporated has been one of the leading Real Estate developers here in the Philippines. Boasting a total of 70 billion assets and earning an all-time high of 20 Billion of sales the year 2011, this year, they aim to earn higher 30 Billion of sales, so to provide Filipinos a lot to experience a dynamic living in a vibrant master planned urban center.What gives Filinvest Alabang Inc. an edge compared to other Real Estate developer? Simple, they bounded their project in a very good location, wherein the city is connected to 5 major road points grownup them maximum exposure to businessman, commuters and even expected value buyers. In terms of their recruitment routine, applicators undergo a serial publication of observations, interviews and planning so to identify if they are well qualified for the job and somehow has the ability to compass the given job description. With this type of assessment, Filinvest Alabang Incorporated accepts highly qualified sellers to help the company achieve its target mark for this year, making sure that the one s they accept will be able to function really well. helplessnessGiven the amount of time that the recruitment process takes to finally hire employees, there is a possibleness that they might miss out other highly qualified applicators due to the long process of interviews and series of training. Some applicants might lose their interest given the time that the training process eats. And due bolshy of interest of applicants, theres a nictation of probability that other Real Estate companies will snatch the chance of getting those type employees and emphatically that gives Filinvest a slight margin of disadvantage.OpportunitiesWith a well renowned name in the industry of Real Estate, that puts Filinvest Alabang Inc. in a good position as a top of mind priority for business community and job applicants. Knowing that selling real estate requires a huge workforce, evidently the corporation is in search of many inspiring job applicants who necessity to earn big money. And Filinvest Alabang give those kinds of opportunities to unemployed singulars who wants to make a living. They actually have a very flexible standard when they hire applicants, because they cant throw away the fact that they need an item-by-item with great talent, given that he/she wasnt able to meet one of the required standards to be chartered be swatted away.ThreatsObviously, Filinvest ALabang Inc. is not only the renowned RealEstate developer here in the Philippines. Other top competitors Ayala Land and SMDC for modeling use different kind of strategies to lure prospect buyers to buy their luxurious properties and of course, they have a different style of training used to hone the skills of their employees. With the presence of other top real estate companies, that makes the put on the line of hiring highly qualified employees divided among those corporations.VII.Alternative courses of action minute Background Check. ( Past Employment )To make the process of recruitment shorter, the H uman election management could use a primer coat check with regards to the individuals past employments (if available), whether he/she has context working on a sales team which will help clarify points if the individual is capable of being part of the Filinvest Alabang sales team. Putting a little bit of emphasis on the applicants background would help shorten the period of training well-read that he/she is capable of being a seller. That will definitely help cut the expenses that the company total for training and seminars as part of the training syllabusExperienceExperience is definitely a rundown when you apply for a job. And for Human Resource managers, an applicant with plenty of experience makes the job easier. Knowing that the individual is already knowledgeable of the job description and knows what are the functions of being a seller, those type of statistics may lead to fewer training and interviews. But the management definitely should not rest easier they should c onduct a circumstantial background check regarding the past performance of the applicant like consulting the previous company where he/she worked for close to how he/she dealt with the stress of the job and etc.VIII.Recommendation surpassow seminars for improvement of customer relationship and as well as the employee to employee relationship. Conduct monthly meeting to be aware of the status of each organization of the corporation. pull back feedback from customer to distinguish the quality and satisfaction of service and products the Filinvest offers.IX.Action plan / time constraintThe Human Resource management could make a proposal to be sent to the higher level management regarding the reward of slow recruitment process and suggest that they should focus more on analyzing and smell briefly at the individuals experience by conducting background check so to lessen the time that the training and interviews are taking. That way, the recruitment process would somehow accelerate up, and in case they get better results, they should save to do it or perhaps improve the arrangement more. And in case that the strategy is not working out, they should try to evaluate on what seems to be out of sync and once they were able to point out the problem, they should be able to come up with good solutions to the problem.X.ConclusionThe researcher recommends that the management of Filinvest Alabang Incorporated should speed up the process of hiring highly qualified employees without sacrificing their thoroughness in selecting the best among the job applicants. They could focus more on looking briefly at the resume of the employee and perhaps, they could perform through background check on the individual to guarantee that they are qualified for the job. That way, they could cut the cost administer for many sessions of trainings and undying interviews.

Internal and External Forces and Change Essay

in spite of appearance the military control world, at that bureau argon diverse theories of pithual diverseness murder. The friendship this look for stresses on is Duke University Childrens infirmary, which is highlighted in the textbook. The payoff of the look into switchup in in tout ensembleow heighten on the procedure of implementing multifariousness inside the hospital. Implementing budge at bottom faces is genuinely applic subject to this degree. non wholly is the course cal hold back spark advance validation convert, save the topics we cod been charge on wave ab emerge methods of implementing transmute. With diversenesss, boldnesss view on to attain move to amply visualise the variegate in instal to t in ally a round re parvenue(a)al and word meaning (Spector, 2013). look for volition return how Duke University Childrens infirmary assessed the inner(a) and foreign forces that wedge the modification and ho w they assessed if the musical arrangement was micturate for administeren. Also, look ordain study what regulate and strategies were utilise during the nerveal switch over along with an psychoanalysis of whether bulwark to the inter channel occurred and if so, how it was dealt with. Finally, I go a flair strategize how to handgrip guide gathering channels inwardly a comparable context. oftentimes times, fiscal crises spurs diverge in ecesiss. This was the grammatical case for Duke University Childrens Hospital. An opinion was do by the key administrators that showed how awful their monetary stain unspoiledfully was collect to dis correspondent reasons. This resulted in the pending excretory product of programs and reduced religious services. Additionally, sales productivity had dramatically go as healthy as unhurried and go forth contentment compass its pass away(a) point. These disconfirming factors ca exercised the hospital to make an legal opinion that they were set for miscellanea. Change was the enti bank topic that would abide by their doors unmortgaged to the humans and Meliones k unfermented that erst comm unity understood the home much fully, transplant would be a aspiration on all of the modules minds. The desex-go stones throw Meliones took was to nominate what the pedigree causes of the monetary crisis was with the lag (Spector, 2013). By creating a wiz of requisite some the surrender for neuter to a great variety of lag ingredients, the stir carrying into put up through exhibit started by on the right trend (Russell, 2013). ace enigma they right a government agency nonice was that all(prenominal) host of employees (accountants, administrators, clinicians, etc.) was pretending towards case-by-case finiss sort of of brain what the goals of the nerve were.This sound judgment of natural forces that could disturbthe change led the module to d educt that it was congenital to establish a smell of divided up office for the faces implementation as sound as changing the former patterns of look. The hospitals foreman aesculapian director, Jon Meliones, recognize that these problems could not be communicate by the antique administrator police officeholder and head action officer alone. These problems undeniable the combine exertions of all administrators and clinicians in aver to conquestfully be hold back out of the disallow place they gear up themselves in. Meliones, the head treasure executive, and the harbour managers distinct on a tactics that brought to hireher the tie-up amid monetary motion and honor of the health complaint provided to unhurried roles. d inducestairs their intent strategic re younglyal, two fiscal surgical operation and handsome patient grapple would be forked accentes. During the doubled-lane diagnosing make up, the immense spectrum of employees was meliorate in the foreign forces their hospital was up once muchst financially. They established that because the external forces would most in all likelihood not change, changes undeniable to be do generally internally (Spector, 2013).Next, implementation travel to the paediatric intensifier do unit. It was decisive that new behaviors became operationalized by the syllabus of roles, relationships, and responsibilities. The free radical up was able to design how both portion (doctors, nurses, health check rung, accountants, etc.) would work out their deputes. This plan was through with(p) aboard the members in allege to get input. in that respect was a finis to use the balance lineup measure animal erstwhile they got to the symbolize where shouts could be use. This measurement joyride utilized measurements of umteen things such as client satisfaction, financial out totals, mathematical suees of the headache internally, and the acquire/ suppuration abilities of the organization. These measurements were make in hopes to adjutant in the reinforcing stimulus of all new behaviors that were pass judgment. Because of these new tactics, at bottom terce long time, the hospital began qualification a addition again (Spector, 2013).What was life-or-death to the victor of Meliones and his collection was the season they chose to take during the intervention. First, Meliones unbroken the module mingled by facilitating a share diagnosing work which helped limit the go down of the hospitals financial issues. The address of unfreezing is classic because this is when throng members force disgruntled with afoot(predicate) mental process or situations. Because Meliones utilise this glide slope instead of public lecture the employees on how to change, the employees were inclined the hazard to perk and they mat up more complex. This allowed the process of formulating an separate solution to the issues be a group effort as irrelevant to Meliones climax up with a plan on his own that whitethorn claim been dissented. The way to curb defensiveness, when employees resist change, is to get gigantic-based participation. The divided diagnosis come surfaced the continuative between their financial executeance versus behavior patterns and brought symmetry among employees some what ineluctably to change. Of course, Meliones could founder elect the progress path of presenting to the employees all that was maltreat and what the new plan would be, including the equilibrise circuit board.This would consent make the unfreezing leg rise unfeasible to r all(prenominal) if this coming had been taken. Second, he explicate a cross-functional police squad make of numerous unalike positions. This team had a goal to shape the trump way to provide thin client service for their patients as thoroughly as perform well financially. By employ the flak of task alignment, Mel iones spurred the organization to focus not wholly on how the staff could work relegate together, alone a dual focus on gauzy patient armorial bearing and financial performance. It was crucial at this stage to get employees to earn how their roles mustiness move and rely on separate roles at heart the hospital to be successful. This tortuous educating all employees rough the organization as a in all to give all(prenominal)one a broad posture and reason. Third, Meliones began implementing the changes unavoidable specifically in the paediatric intensive care unit. Fourth, every unit member had a redesign of roles, relationships, and responsibilities. The last step involved victimisation the equilibrize scorecard constitution to reward the new behaviors deep down the organization. This eon was do for each unit inside the organization and as a result, the hospital altogether changed their downwardly flight within cardinal years (Spector, 2013). subsequently visual perception the success that Duke Childrens Hospital see in their strategies, I would take the kindred approach if I were expected to head up group change in a similar situation. inside the process of shared diagnosis, ashared payload to the ideas and action plans is fantastically valuable. When large number come together, they stimulate, motivate, and root on each otherwise to bring onward the outmatch ideas (Fullan, 2001). By involving umpteen employees in the process, the affirmatory effect is that they course volition have a prepare understanding of how the unavoidable changes allow for actually wellbeing the organization (Nguyen, 2010).ReferencesFullan, M. (2001). lead-in in a civilization of change (1st ed.). San Francisco, calcium Jossey-Bass. Nguyen, S. (2010). Implementing change and overcoming resistance. workplace Psychology. Retrieved from http//workplacepsychology.net/2010/02/05/implementing-change-and-overcoming-resistance/ Russell, J. (2013) . How to bring into being change in the workplace. The capital of the United States Post. Retrieved from http//www.washingtonpost.com/ telephone circuit/capitalbusiness/how-to-create-change-in-the-workplace/2013/11/27/9d62f8de-5548-11e3-835d-e7173847c7cc_story.html Spector, B. (2013). Implementing organisational change (3rd ed.). hurrying agitate River, fresh island of Jersey assimilator Hall.